Ruby 连接 Mysql - MySql2

前面一章节我们介绍了 Ruby DBI 的使用。这章节我们技术 Ruby 连接 Mysql 更高效的驱动 mysql2,目前也推荐使用这种方式连接 MySql。

安装 mysql2 驱动:

gem install mysql2

你需要使用 –with-mysql-config 配置 mysql_config 的路径,如: –with-mysql-config=/some/random/path/bin/mysql_config。

连接

连接数据库语法如下:

# 更多参数可以查看 http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/ConnectionAdapters/MysqlAdapter.html
client = Mysql2::Client.new(:host => "localhost", :username => "root")

查询

results = client.query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE group="githubbers"")

特殊字符转义

escaped = client.escape("gi"thu"bbe0r"s")
results = client.query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE group="#{escaped}"")

计算结果集返回的数量:

results.count

迭代结果集:

results.each do |row|
  # row 是哈希
  # 键值是数据库字段
  # 值都是对应 MySQL中数据
  puts row["id"] # row["id"].class == Fixnum
  if row["dne"]  # 不存在则是 nil
    puts row["dne"]
  end
end

实例

#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
require "mysql2"

client = Mysql2::Client.new(
	:host     => "127.0.0.1", # 主机
	:username => "root",      # 用户名
	:password => "123456",    # 密码
	:database => "test",      # 数据库
	:encoding => "utf8"       # 编码
	)
results = client.query("SELECT VERSION()")
results.each do |row|
  puts row
end

以上实例运行输出结果为:

{"VERSION()"=>"5.6.21"}

连接选项

Mysql2::Client.new(
  :host,
  :username,
  :password,
  :port,
  :database,
  :socket = "/path/to/mysql.sock",
  :flags = REMEMBER_OPTIONS | LONG_PASSWORD | LONG_FLAG | TRANSACTIONS | PROTOCOL_41 | SECURE_CONNECTION | MULTI_STATEMENTS,
  :encoding = "utf8",
  :read_timeout = seconds,
  :write_timeout = seconds,
  :connect_timeout = seconds,
  :reconnect = true/false,
  :local_infile = true/false,
  :secure_auth = true/false,
  :default_file = "/path/to/my.cfg",
  :default_group = "my.cfg section",
  :init_command => sql
  )

更多内容请参阅:http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/mysql2/0.2.3/frames。